The primary goal of treatment has been pain relief to maintain or improve joint function using, among others, polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, and intra-articular hyaluronic acid, which can reduce pain and inflammation and restore the articular environment. Changes in the articular surface are the most well documented histologically and biochemically.Īlthough it is a constant topic of constant studies, OA research remains challenging. OA results from a complex interaction between biochemical and biomechanical factors and possible changes involving all tissues such as the articular capsule and the subchondral bone and ligaments, resulting in the destruction of articular cartilage. One of the most common causes of lameness in dogs is the complete or partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCLr), whereby joint instability induces inflammatory and cellular changes causing synovitis, osteoarthritis, meniscal injury, and joint dysfunction. However, treatment is often given late, which reduces the chances of effectively controlling the problem and makes these animals candidates for prosthesis or even euthanasia. All species may be affected, but due to their greater contact with humans, dogs and cats are the animals most often referred for treatment. Such injuries may be due to trauma or diseases such as hip or elbow dysplasia, or they may have an immune-mediated origin. Joint injuries represent a large percentage of cases in the treatment routines of veterinary hospitals. The early diagnosis and monitoring of OA progression and treatment persist as challenges. The available treatments for OA are unsatisfactory. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease that is painful and disabling.
Experimental studies show marked reduction of synovitis, which explains the improvement observed in clinical cases. Arthroscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic method that can help to understand the action of this therapy. Clinical use has shown positive results, but standardized scientific studies and continued evaluation of the treatment are lacking. It is easy to use and relatively low cost, which has led to research interest and to a wide clinical application. CAP may have an important role in modifying therapy of osteoarthritis. Among the alternatives is the use of autologous platelet concentrate (APC) or platelet rich plasma (PRP) intra-articular. New therapeutic alternatives are continuously researched around the world. It is a disabling disease of widespread occurrence, whose primary purpose of treatment has been the relief of pain and improvement or maintenance of joint function. The treatment of osteoarthritis is a constant challenge in veterinary and human medicine.
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